They had local prefectures around the town, the prefects would patrol the streets and report crime to the authorities. There were laws emdodied within the society and there were some pretty horrendous punishments at times.
Citizens.
Citizens of ancient Rome wore togas.
Please clarify what you mean by "daily citizens".
Rome.
Yes, they did.
Only male citizens
Today? Yes, as all cities have taxes. In ancient Rome, however, Roman citizens were not taxed, only the non-citizens in the provinces.
Neither slaves nor freedmen had rights as citizens in ancient Rome.
Toga
Direct Democracies
The Roman Republic.
It was the Roman Republic