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Answer 1

The Muslims first conquered Jerusalem and entered Palestine during the second Rightful Caliph Hazrat Omar (RAU) without bloodshed. It happened in 7th Century CE.

Answer 2

The first Muslims came to Palestine when the territory was conquered by Caliph Omar in the 630s CE. However, Non-Muslims (both Jews and Christians) remained the second-class majority in Palestine until the mid-1700s. Muslims then became the majority population, primarily through conversion. The Muslim population grew much more quickly in the 19th century, especially after Egypt was colonized and the first Zionist pioneers came to Ottoman Palestine, but this time due to birth and migration. (This is because the Europeans' agricultural and sanitary improvements greatly increased the carrying capacity of Palestine, allowing lower rates of infant mortality as well as jobs.)

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