If you mean how did the second turn into the third, then he was punished by the time lords, they forced him to re-generate and banished him to earth.
If you mean the third into the forth, he was "wounded" by radiation while fighting the spider queen, after he returns to earth he collapses and is helped by a fellow time lord to regerate.
He'll regenerate into the 13th Doctor.
He will regenerate into the 12th Doctor.
Eventually yes, he will regenerate into the twelfth Doctor.
The fourth Doctor fell off a bridge.
Romana was another Time Lord, like the Doctor.
It is unknown, the Eighth Doctor only appeared in a movie.
Peter Davison.
In the movie, The End Of Time.
The Doctor names his daughter "Jenny." Jenny was created by an extraction of the 10th Doctor's DNA, from tissue in his hand. Jenny has the ability to regenerate just as the Timelord race. This means she has The Doctor's abilities.
Time Lords regenerate because they have a injury or something is wrong, it's their way of healing themselves.
The girl in the end of Day of the Moon seems to be Amys daughter and she can regenerate since she was in the tardis.
Trenzalore (his final resting place), in the town of Christmas