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Under the terror period, the first estate (the nobility) was treated as suspect to the revolutionaries. Those who were suspect of conspiring against the revolution were arrested and often executed. Those fearing for their life left France for Germany or England. In both cases, their properties were confiscated to the state.

The members of clergy (the second estate) were associated with nobility for the upper clergy, as they mostly came from its ranks. To counter the power or clout of the Catholic church, priests had to take an oath or sort of pledge of allegiance to the revolution. Those who resisted were treated as suspect, and hence doomed to execution. In some parts of the country, a civil war developed between priest-led militias and revolutionaries, who won through their organization and ruthless tactics.

Summary: unless they demonstrated their loyalty to the regime, members of both the 1st and 2nd estate were often mercilessly hunted and executed as suspects.

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Q: How did the French reign of terror affect the first and second estate?
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