How did the egyptians memorise hieroglyphics?

Answer 1

You are clearly influenced by learning the English alphabet, where none of the names of letters has anything to do with the English language.

In hieroglyphs there was usually a very close relationship between a sign and a sound-value derived from a word in the language. For example the picture of a mouth (two curved lines joined at their ends) represented the sound r - but the word for mouth in the ancient Egyptian language was also r(including an unknown vowel). So anyone learning that sign would already know the word in the language.

Similarly, the picture of a beer jug represented the sound value hnkt, because the word for beer is hnkt (with unknown vowels); the sign representing a road flanked by trees has the value w3t, since this is the word for road in the language. A seal on a necklace has the value xtm, since that is the word for a seal.

All these signs can then be used to spell out other words that include those sounds but have nothing to do with what the signs represent: a word r is written with the mouth sign but is the preposition "towards, at, more than, in order to" and so on. The student knew that a mouth sign had the sound r so he could instantly associate that sound with the preposition.

Many signs have more than one value, but in general terms anyone already knowing the language has a much easier time learning the signs.