How did the success of Jefferson's attempt to overcome federalist control of the judiciary?

Answer 1

Jefferson had an inauguration to repeal the judiciary act of 1801 and eliminate midnight judges. He lost the Marbury v. Madison case, John Marshall denied this claim.

In an effort to over come federalists control of the judiciary, after his inauguration Thomas Jefferson and his followers in congress launched an attack on this last reserve of opposition to the Judiciary branch. The first step he took in doing so was to repeal the judiciary act of 1801,which would eliminate the midnight judges Adam had appointed leading up to his inauguration. So that federalists would no longer be in control of the Judiciary enabling Jefferson to integrate his wants which would be a benefit for his policies. So that the republicans and Jefferson himself would be in control. This long spanned debate over the courts of the judiciary branch tested the authority and position of the judiciary branch through the judicial review. Upon inflicting the security of the courts authority concerning their position in the Judiciary, would continue to be questionable. But in the case of Mabury v. Madison the pending question of the supreme courts authority would have to be answered. In the case of Mabury v. Madison secretary of state under Thomas Jefferson refused to grant commission to William Mabury who was the chief justice of peace of Colombia selected under president Adams of the midnight leading up to Jefferson's inauguration. In this case Mabury filled a suit based on the courts power to compel executive officials to act in such matters as the constitution denied the power of the original Judiciary act it was thus proceeding as void, which led the court to assert the power to nullify an act of congress. At the time John Marshall was ruling as chief justice who neglected to deliver Mabury's commission but, established the judiciary as a branch of govt coequal with the executive and the legislative. Marshall therefore ,ruled that part of the judiciary act of 1789 unconstitutional because the constitution did not expressively grant this power to the judiciary. In deciding the constitutionality of an act of congress,Marshall established judicial review,the most significant development in the history of the supreme court. Thus making it more rigorous for Jefferson and his followers to gain the control they desired of the judiciary. This created an unease for Thomas Jefferson,feeling that this new establishment posed a threat for his impending policies Jefferson urged congress to impeach obstructive Jefferson's reason for doing this was an attempt to reduce federalists power over the judiciary so that it would not interfere with his already established power and authority. In doing so Jefferson was preparing for renewed obstacles that federalists would try to throw in his way of taking away their control of the judiciary congress eventually impeached only two federal judges john Pickering on specious grounds that he was insane and not fit for rule and Samuel chase,After Jefferson's urging congress sent chase to trial for the senate but were unable to get necessary two thirds vote in senate so he was acquitted for all charges. The long-range impact this had on constitutional history is that "the judiciary remained a powerful force with in government more often than not ruling on behalf of the centralizing,expansionary policies that the republicans had been trying to reverse."In Jefferson's attempt to overcome federalists control over the judiciary branch he failed and it was not a success because his opposition was not strongly supported. The justices that were in place established policies that were more stable and favorable. The justices integrated policies that would not be easily removed. Unlike Jefferson who felt just by urging the congress to impeach federal judges,so that he and the republicans could obtain authority would change the already established policies. And eventually leave the control of the judiciary branch to him unfortunately, Jefferson did not gain the federalist in the end obtained the judiciary ruling and did the opposite of what the republicans wished. So the polices of Jefferson were continually threatened and unstable leaving failure and uncertainty for his opposition. Evidence reflecting his failure was his attempt to launch an attack and to repeal the judiciary act,because at such a time the court's authority of security was uncertain so neither action was in course of being unearthed. And only one federal justice was impeached,but on the ground of suspicion that he was insane. In Jefferson's he had his general opinion and not sound facts to render his reason that congress needs to impeach federal judges. And therefore the power of the judiciary branch remained in the hands of t