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Brown vs the Board of Education ended legalized segregation in public schools.
The Supreme Court does not use a jury. The Supreme Court is involved in interpretations of the US constitution. A jury would not help.
They got Samuel Leibowitz to represent the boys, appealed it to the Alabama Supreme Court and then the US Supreme Court.
Only indirectly is the Supreme Court a help in making laws. If the Supreme Court declares a law to be unconstitutional and therefore invalid, it explains why it made that ruling. Congress then may try to rewrite the law and remove the objectionable parts. (The Supreme Court does not give opinions on proposed legislation. )
John Marshall established the court's idea to look at laws and see if they are constitutional. John Marshall was the fourth Supreme Court judge in the United States.
Court decisions can be overturned by higher courts, with the highest being the Supreme Court. Once the Supreme Court has issued a ruling, it can only be overturned by another Supreme Court ruling if the court agrees to hear that case or a similar case again. It is also possible for Congress to pass a law or constitutional amendment (with the help of the states, which must ratify any amendment), which can effectively overturn a Supreme Court decision by altering the law on which the decision was based.
The US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts, which are intermediate courts of appeals (the courts between the US District Courts and the US Supreme Court) in the federal Judicial Branch. They help reduce the Supreme Court caseload by resolving appellate cases or dismissing those without merit.
as a child, she testified in a court case that helped end school segregation
1973
If a decision made at District Court is successfully appealled, the case gets taken to a higher court. If there wasn't a Supreme Court, cases would keep getting appealled and taken to a higher court each time. Rulings by the Supreme Court can get appealled (the case would get taken to Congress), but this process is very difficult. The Supreme Court also has a duty to make sure laws and actions by the President and Congress are not unconsitutional.
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The American Bar Association issues an opinion about the professional competence and qualifications of US Supreme Court nominees and potential nominees.