How do Singapore's 4 national taps work?

Answer 1

The four national taps have been able to provide a low-cost, reliable and long term solution to the water crisis in Singapore. The four taps are: local catchments, desalinated water, imported water and ne-water.

Answer 2

1) Local catchment areas

• Strength: There are frequent rainfalls in Singapore, so it is hard for them to dry out.
• Weakness: The amount of water collected by local catchment areas is not enough to sustain the whole of Singapore
• Weakness: If a drought occurs, the local catchment areas would dry out.

2) Johor water (imported water from Malaysia

• Strength: It is cheaper than desalination and NEWater.
• Weakness: Bad relationships could affect the future water supply.
  
• Weakness: It is unreliable as the water agreements expire in 2011 and 2061.
  

3) Desalinated water

• Strength: Singapore is surrounded by water.
• Weakness: It is not cheap and incurs high cost.
• Weakness: There is only one plant. If it malfunctions, there would not be anymore plants.

4) NEWater

• Strength: Since humans produce waste everyday there would be a constant supply of NEWater.
• Strength: There are enough NEWater plants to provide Singapore with NEWater.
• Weakness: It is not cheap and incurs high cost.
  

Answer 3

Imported water

If Singapore goes through a drought it will still have a water supply from Johor.

Does not require land and hence frees up the land for other uses

It is cheaper than NEWwater

May not be enough to meet water demands.

If Johor goes through a drought they will cut off water supply to Singapore.

Water agreements will eventually end and there are no guarantees of future agreements

Local catchment areas

Takes advantages of Singapore water source.

Beautifies the land

The local catchment areas are usually near forests and the lake will provide water for the trees therefore not as many trees will die.

Less land for other things

If we have a drought we will not be able to support ourselves.

If people through litter into the catchment areas we will have polluted water.

NEWater

It is purer than usual tap water in most countries.

It is not dependent on the rainfall

If we go through a drought we will still have NEWater as water supply.

The public does not really want to drink there pee no matter how much it goes through desalination.

It is very expensive

Desalinated water

If we go through a drought we will still have Desalinated water.

Singapore has a limitless supply to sea water.

More people would want to drink it compared to NEWwater as it does not come from our atse matter people think it not so "dirty"

It is very expensive

There is a lot of chemicals that have been extracted from the sea water to make it clean and if you do not dispose of the chemicals properly it WILL cause pollution

Answer 4

Singapore has 4 national taps, namely local catchment areas, imported water, NEWater and desalination. Local catchment areas collect rainwater, taking advantage of Singapore's high rainfall. As the name suggests, imported water means that Singapore imports water from Johor, which is in Malaysia. As for NEWater, it is sewage that has been treated. It is potable (I myself have drank NEWater many times), although it is mostly used in wafer fabrication plants. Lastly, for desalination, it is to remove minerals from seawater. Singapore is surrounded by water, and as such this is a viable source of water. The government is planning to have desalination meet 25% of Singapore's water demands by 2060. All these national taps ensure that Singapore has sufficient water and if any of the 4 taps were absent, the country would probably face a water shortage.

Answer 5

Reservoir/ water catchment areas

Desalination of sea water

NEWater

Water from Malaysia

Answer 6

The four national taps are the Local Catchment water, Imported water, NEWater and Desalinated water.

Answer 7

1) Water from local catchment

2) Imported water from Johor

3) Desalinated water from the sea

4) Reclaimed/Recycled water from local waste water (NEWater)

Answer 8

Local catchment water, Imported water (from Johor), NEWater and Desalinated Water

Answer 9

I don’t know