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In typical accrual accounting - Revenue is recognized when it is earned...that could be before or after payment is received. In a simple transaction, like a purchase in a store, the income is earned at the time the sale is rung up on the cash register. If merchandise is being shipped, the terms of the invoice will dictate if the revenue is earned at time of shipment or time of receipt by the customer. In a longer term transaction, like building a building, revenue might be recognized on a percentage of completion basis - so if you estimate a building is 25% complete, you would recognize 25% of the revenue. If the transaction is more complicated, some logical method of estimation would be used. And remember the matching principal - expenses associated with a sale must be recognized at the same time as the revenue is recognized. If you are using cash basis accounting, revenue is recognized when payment is received.

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