binary stars are two stars that orbit each other while supernovas and novas stars are stars that explode when it runs out of fuel
A binary star may, or may not, be related to a nova or supernova. In some specific cases, a supernova is specifically caused by a close binary system; but not all binary systems result in novas, and not all novas come from binary stars.
Cepheid Variables.
Stars do not create supernovas. Supernovas happen to stars. A supernova is when a star, bigger than our own sun, explodes due to the lack of gas they need.
Supernovas are the explosions of large stars in space.
White Dwarf stars are able to rekindle themselves via novas (so long of course they are a part of a binary system and are close enough to their partners to do such).
No. Supernovas are cataclysmic eruptions from massive stars that have come to the end of their lives. See related questions
Supernovas. A 'shooting star' is not a star at all, it is a meteor glowing as it enters the earth's atmosphere.
yes
supernovas
They are not. A supernova is an explosion of a star. Blue stars usually end their lives in such explosions.
pulsars
Two stars orbiting each other are "binary stars" ...a group of stars near each other, may be formally or informally known as a "cluster".