The action is opened (bolt action, pump action, semi-auto, single barrel, double barrel SxS or O/U - the method of opening will depend upon the type listed) and a self contained cartridge is inserted either into the chamber directly, or into the tube magazine found on pump and semi-auto actions). The action is then closed and the shotgun is ready to fire.
Weapon loads at the breech vs. the muzzle.
The breech-loading rifle was invented by Captain Patrick Ferguson of Pitfours, Scotland, hence the Ferguson rifle.
He wasn't American, he was a Scot. The breech-loading rifle was invented by Captain Patrick Ferguson of Pitfours, Scotland, hence the Ferguson rifle.
A lot! Breech loading simply means loaded from the rear of the barrel, instead of the muzzle. There are "trapdoor" rifles, top break, bolt action, lever action, autoloading, pumps, "twist" action, and a few others that did not really work out.
what model firearms ???
It was invented in 1851 by Edward Maynard
Breech loading firearms can be reloaded much more quickly, they can be reloaded when moving, and they are easy to reload when lying down. The muzzleloader must be loaded when standing upright.
I would need a more detailed description or photos to be sure, but I suspect you have a "Zulu" shotgun. These were made in the late 1800's by removing the breech of old military muzzle loading percussion military arms and fitting them with various types of breech loading mechanisms as cheap shotguns. The B in a shield is probably a European proof mark.
Mostly European makers.
The Ferguson Rifle
@ 2 USD
The Darne sliding breech shotgun comes to mind.