It affects the earth's crust as it is related to the action of divergent boundaries where two plates are moving apart causing the continents to move. This is linked to convection currents as hot rocks lower in the mantle are forced up to the surface by gravitational forces, cooling, sinking and then heating again, helping the movement of the rigid plates
gravitational force
mantle.
Deep ocean currents are caused by differences in saltiness or water temperature.
convection currents in the mantle provide the basic driving forces for plate motions.
The planet Saturn has. These little moons affect ("shepherd") the rings of Saturn due to gravitational forces.
gravitational force
convection currents
mantle.
mantle.
convection currents in the upper mantle
Friction and Gravitational forces
Convection currents (the movement of magma beneath the plates)
Tides are caused by the gravitational forces on Earth from the Moon and the Sun.
Deep ocean currents are caused by differences in saltiness or water temperature.
the large amount of energy forces the two plates to move apart
the movement of convection currents in the mantle is the cause of plate motion.
The asthenosphere is the layer of the Earth directly below the brittle lithosphere, made of solid rock with a small percentage of melt, which is under tremendous pressure and temperature conditions. It performs and moves in a ductile fashion (highly viscous) even though it is considered rock, and does not break while under stress, but can move due to convection currents of heat arising from Earth's interior.