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1. The more generations that pass, the more random changes there will be in a genetic code for the same protein. 2. Mutations occur at a fairly constant rate.

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To develop a molecular clock you need to find which of the following?

To develop a molecular clock, you need to identify a reliable set of molecular sequences (such as DNA or protein sequences) from different species. Additionally, you require a well-calibrated timeline of evolutionary events, often based on fossil records or known divergence times. By comparing the genetic differences and correlating them with the time since divergence, you can estimate the rate of molecular evolution and construct the molecular clock.


How is biochemistry used to determine evolutionary relationship?

Biochemistry is used to determine evolutionary relationships by comparing the sequences of biomolecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins from different species. By analyzing the similarities and differences in these sequences, scientists can infer how closely related different organisms are and construct evolutionary trees to show the relationships between them. This helps in understanding the common ancestry and divergence of species over time.


Why is DNA a useful evolutionary clock?

DNA accumulates mutations over time at a relatively constant rate, providing a molecular clock for measuring evolutionary changes. By comparing the differences in DNA sequences between organisms, scientists can estimate the time since they shared a common ancestor, offering insights into evolutionary relationships and divergence times.


Biologist can compare amino-acid sequence of the same protein from two or more species sequences can be very similar or very different what do the similarities and differences tell us?

Similarities in amino acid sequences tell us the the genes coding for these proteins are similar. Similar genes are due to shared ancestry ie the organisms have evolved from a common ancestor in the past. Differences in amino acid sequence tell us that mutations have occurred in the genes since the organisms separated from the common ancestor. The bigger the differences, the longer the organisms have been separated.


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