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Ecologists sample areas in the environment they wish to study to work out a vague idea of the numbers of different species in their habitat. 4 methods of sampling are used; Quadrats, Random sampling, Systematic sampling using transects and the Lincoln index (mark-release-recapture). For mobile animals the best method is the Lincoln index which is an estimation of population size using to samples of the area. First they sample the area capturing the species they desire and mark them with a non toxic marker. After a suitable period of time they re sample the area.
Estimated population size = Number of individuals caught in 1st sample * Number of individuals caught in 2nd sample/total number of individuals re caught from 1st sample in the 2nd sample.
Assumptions must be made for the whole sample and statistical tests must be used to detect any factor that would have an effect on the results e.g. chance.
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