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(In New Zealand) there will be a fuse associated with each electricity consumers line, and when the demand exceeds its rating, (~100A) it will pop, requiring re-wiring, in the same way as a lower current fuse on your power meter.
On an utility circuit they do not have fuses, instead they have circuit breakers. These are a device that mechanically interrupts the electrical supply. The (lower voltage) ones are used to manually isolate supply during wiring maintenance.
On high voltage supply, there is more complex automatic equipment, with special precautions taken to prevent or break any arc formed when the circuit breaks. These may have a hydraulic-powered break system to ensure a rapid break; or possibly a blast of gas across the arcs path to extinguish it.
On major circuits, the breaker may attempt to re-set up to three times, on the assumption that the 'short' is a transient one. (Birds, possums) If this assumtion proves incorrect, the breaker remains open.
In New Zealand the possum problem is real, and almost all power poles have a band of metal to deter possums climbing.
In closing, fusible links are not suitable for large currents, nor for high voltages. In melting, the fusiblelink may create a path of metal vapour which can sustain an electric arc. There are made High Rupture Current fuses, in shich the fusible link is enclosed in a volume of sand, which quenches any arc.
The arcing problem is even more severe with DC, and special tricks are employed in these cases.
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