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What is genetic variability?
Genetic variability refers to the differences in DNA sequences among individuals in a population. This variability is essential for evolution as it allows for adaptation to changing environments and the development of diversity within species. Genetic variability can arise from mutations, genetic recombination, and gene flow.
What is a potential health problem that could arise from genetic engineering?
Sample answer: Engineered traits such as herbicide resistance could transfer to weeds and create "superweeds."
Differences in heritable trait arise trough?
Differences in heritable traits can arise through genetic mutations, recombination of genetic material during sexual reproduction, and environmental influences that interact with genetic factors. These variations can lead to differences in physical characteristics, behaviors, and other traits within a population.
How do new traits arise?
New traits arise through the processes of genetic mutation, recombination, and natural selection. Mutations introduce changes in an organism's DNA, potentially creating new traits. Recombination during sexual reproduction mixes genetic material, further contributing to diversity. When advantageous traits enhance survival or reproduction, they may become more common in a population over generations through natural selection.
How do the inherited and acquired traits of identical twins differ from those of fraternal twins?
Identical twins share 100% of their genetic makeup, leading to very similar inherited traits, such as physical appearance and certain health predispositions. In contrast, fraternal twins, who arise from two separate eggs fertilized by different sperm, share about 50% of their genetic material, resulting in more variability in their inherited traits. Acquired traits, influenced by environment and experiences, can differ significantly in both types of twins, as they may have unique life experiences despite their genetic similarities. This means identical twins often exhibit more similar traits overall compared to fraternal twins.
What kind of trait appeared in the first generation?
In the first generation, new traits arise from the combination of genetic material from the two parent organisms. These traits result from the recombination of genetic material during reproduction, leading to genetic diversity in the offspring.
How acquired traits affect evolution?
Acquired traits cannot be passed on to offspring through genetic inheritance, so they do not directly affect evolution. Evolution occurs through changes in the genetic composition of a population over generations, primarily driven by natural selection acting on inherited traits. Evolution is influenced by genetic variations that arise through mutation and recombination, not by acquired traits acquired during an individual's lifetime.
Explain what is meant by this sentence Natural selection can act only on existing traits?
The phrase "Natural selection can act only on existing traits" means that evolution through natural selection relies on variations that are already present in a population. It cannot create new traits from scratch; instead, it selects for or against traits that arise through random mutations or genetic variations. Consequently, only those traits that provide a survival or reproductive advantage in a specific environment will be favored over time. This underscores the importance of genetic diversity within populations for the process of evolution.
The similarities retained by two lineages because of their common ancestry are known as what?
The similarities retained by two lineages due to their common ancestry are known as homologous traits or homologous characteristics. These traits arise from shared evolutionary origins and can be structural, developmental, or genetic in nature. Homology contrasts with analogous traits, which arise independently in different lineages due to convergent evolution.
What is the source of new traits in a population?
New traits in a population can arise through mutations in the DNA of an organism. Mutations are changes in the genetic code that can result in new characteristics that may be passed on to offspring. These traits can then be subject to natural selection and other evolutionary mechanisms.
How can alleles be different from one another?
Alleles are different forms of a gene that can result in variations in traits. These differences can arise from mutations, genetic recombination, or genetic drift, leading to variations in the DNA sequence that ultimately determine the specific characteristics of an organism.
What are the similar traits between dominant traits and recessive traits?
Dominant and recessive traits are both forms of genetic traits that arise from alleles, which are different versions of a gene. Both types can influence an organism's phenotype, but dominant traits express themselves even when only one copy of the allele is present, while recessive traits require two copies to be expressed. Additionally, both traits can be passed down through generations and can be studied using the principles of inheritance, such as those described by Mendel. Despite their differences in expression, both types contribute to genetic variation within a population.
