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Scientists do not know exactly what happened, but they are able to make educated guesses from volcanic rocks and fossils. From these rocks and fossils, an age can be determined and sometimes what the rock/fossil went through. One example of this is a fossilized dinosaur foot print. From the fossil, scientists can find the species of dinosaur, and when it lived. They can find the age of the fossil similar to how you can find the age of a tree. In a tree, there are many rings and each of these is a layer that forms over the year. This is similar to how you can find the age of a rock/fossil.

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Q: How do people know what the earth was like billions of years ago?
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