Today, interpretation is done through precedents. For example, when electricity first came upon the scene, rabbis were called on to determine which Torah-laws were relevant to it. In ancient times, the thirteen rules of exegesis were used to determine what laws the Torah was alluding to in its brevity. These are listed in the siddur (prayerbook).
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http://judaism.answers.com/jewish-philosophy/principles-of-judaism
I think that by Hebrew Scriptures you mean the Tanakh. In this case, it is Biblical Hebrew
The Hebrew scriptures are written in Hebrew (only a few passages are written in Aramaic).
Jewish scholars are anyone who studies Judaism. Some interpret the Hebrew scriptures and formulate new ideas, but many also just study the previous interpretations to gain knowledge.
Yes, in fact all of the prophets of the Hebrew scriptures are regularly quoted.
The Jewish leaders that interpret God's will are called Mashiach.
AnswerThe Septuagint ('LXX') was the earliest Greek translation of the Hebrew scriptures.
There is no significance of the Roman Empire in the Hebrew Scriptures. The Romans are not even mentioned.
Yes, the Jewish Bible is composed entirely of Hebrew scriptures, with the exception of a few passages in Aramaic.
both
Hebrew scriptures are continued in Christianity. One segment of modern Hebrews are formed by the Christians.
JudaismChristianity
False. The Hebrew Scriptures form what Christians know as the Old Testament.