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Water absorption into the roots is done as a result of two processes called active absorption and passive absorption.

Active absorption is done with the help of the metabolic energy released due to the root respiration. Due to the mineral nutrients absorption by the roots during the respiration, the ionic compounds in the xylem become concentrated thereby resulting in low potential of water (just like increased salt in our body results in thirst). Since the soil is a higher potential of water, the water from the soil is absorbed into the roots thereby resulting in an equilibrium.

In passive absorption, roots don't require water, but it is the leaves that actually need water and hence, roots absorb water and just pass it to the stem and leaves. Leaves suffer loss of water due to various reasons like transpiring, opening of stomata and atmospheric conditions. In this process of passive absorption, lower potential is caused in the leaves and not in roots. In such case, water is just lifted up like that of a bucket of water from the well. Hence, this process can be termed as 'absorption of water through the roots' but not 'absorption of water by the roots'.

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