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Submarine construction is much like a thermos bottle. What you see on the outside is the outer hull, or superstructure. The inner pressure hull is more spherical in shape and can withstand higher pressures.

All hatches, be it entry hatches, trash tube, torpedo tube, missile tubes, etc., have primary and secondary access. All hatches also have an inner O-ring seal to further maintain watertight integrity. A major safety feature is that no 2 hatches / doors can be open at the same time.

For certain valves, called "Hull Valves" (those exposed to direct sea pressure) they are constructed and maintained under a program called "Subsafe", at least here in the U.S. This program was a direct result of the loss of the USS Thresher (SSN-593), which had a major hull valve rupture and sank during sea trials. Since the implementation of the Subsafe program, there hasn't been an accident like it in the U.S. inventory.

Essentially, hull valves go through a very strict welding and inpection process to ensure that any possible failure is minimized to the fullest extent.

All valves and hatches exposed to direct sea pressure are also monitored for any water leakage on a regular basis, as are the bilge levels. Any increase can mean a seawater breach. A small breach at extreme depth can be catastrophic, as the sea pressure on the hull is enourmous.

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Q: How do submarines keep water out?
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