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In Catholic theology there are several different kinds of grace, with necessarily different definitions:

Grace: The free and undeserved gift that God gives us to respond to our vocation to become his adopted children.

Sanctifying grace: As sanctifying grace, God shares His divine life and friendship with us in a habitual gift, a stable and supernatural disposition that enables the soul to live with God, to act by His love.

Actual grace: As actual grace, God gives us the help to conform our lives to His Will.

Sacramental grace (and special graces - charisms, the grace of one's state of life) are gifts of the Holy Spirit to help us live out our Christian Vocation. (see CCC 1996, 2000; cf. 654.)

It is impossible to say how they differ for the simple reason that there are 30,000 different protestant sects who all believe something different. Protestants usually define grace as "God's unmerited favor towards us in Christ". But try and get a couple protestants together from different belief systems and come to a common definition, well, I'm just saying.

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