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At one time coins contained metal that was worth as much as the denomination of the coin, minus a small profit for the government or agency that made the coins. For example, old US cents contained a cent's worth of copper, dimes had 10¢ worth of silver, a quarter-eagle had $2.50 worth of gold, and so on.

Because different metals have different values, the coins' sizes were determined by the value of the particular metal they were composed of. That's why, for example, that pennies are larger than dimes - when the penny was copper and the dime was silver, silver was much more valuable so it took less silver to be worth 10 cents than it took copper to be worth 1 cent.

However, within each type of coin, sizes were proportional. For instance, a half-dollar was twice the weight of a quarter, and a dollar was 10 times the weight of a dime.

When the US took silver out of its coins in the 1960s there was no longer any financial reason to keep coin sizes in proportion, but there were so many vending machines and coin sorters in use that the Mint didn't even consider changing sizes - it would have been too expensive to retrofit all that equipment.

However, when new coins are introduced or a country changes its coinage, proportional sizes are generally no longer used except in certain cases. That's why the new US $1 coins are smaller than half-dollars. And in the EU, where all old coins were replaced in 2002, sizes were chosen for convenience and logic rather than proportionality.

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15y ago

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