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There are probably many answers, here are a couple that I am familiar with to get started.
Cold currents are generally from deep water that has sunk at the poles and travelled deep below the surface. When this cold, nutrient rich water surfaces at an upwelling the nutrients become available to phytoplankton that photosynthesise them powered by the sun. This explosion of growth fuels the food chain and is associated with some of the major fisheries in the World; eg the Peruvian Sardine fishery, which support local populations.
During periods of El Nino the trade winds in the Pacific lessen interfering with the driving of warm surface waters West and eliminating the upwelling cool currents resulting in reduced fisheries productivity.
El Nino years are also associated with warmer surface waters which cause coral reef bleaching. When the sea surface temperature exceeds a threshold temperature for the coral over a period of time the organism becomes stressed and releases the zooxanthellae essential for photosynthesis within the coral tissue. In time the coral will die and be replaced by more vigorously pioneering algal species that prevent the recolonisation of the reef by coral polyps. Once this happens the fish leave and it is difficult for the reef to recover. This is one of the greatest challenges being faced by countries that rely on reefs for food and tourism.
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Do warm water surface currents create warm climates in coastal areas?
no
How do currents affect air temperature in coastal areas?
water
What are currents that can keep coastal regions cooler than the inland climates year around called?
the answer is cold currents because the wind of surface currents bring in cold water plus air into the region
How does the cold and warm water affect the ocean?
They create currents and micro climates for different sea life.
What is a density currents?
Currents in the coastal water masses
How do ocean currents affect air temperature in coastal areas?
Warm Ocean currents warms the air above it and some move from the tropic towards both poles ---------------------------------------------------------AND----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cold Ocean currents also affect weather patterns by bringing cold water from polar to the equator
What causes density currents?
Currents in the coastal water masses
Type of current that creates warmer climates along a coastal area?
The type of current that creates warmer climates along coastal areas is called (Warm-Water)
How can water in the atmosphere affect temperature?
The mere presence of water, e.g. a river running through it, does not. But oceanic currents do affect the climate - therefore called the "oceanic climate" - of mostly western coastal areas on the middle latitudes of the globe and the cities located there. The Gulf Stream for instance gives the cities in western Europe a temperate climate. Similar currents make for instance the west Canadian coastal city of Vancouver the warmest of Canada.
How do currents affect fish life?
"Currents affect fish by bringing in rubbish, dirty water, and other stuff"
How are continental climates different from coastal climates?
With coastal climate, the close proximity to the water evens out temperature swings and provides moisture. Continental climate can be dryer and see bigger differences in temperature.
Why does coastal water in areas with hotter water have drier climates than having higher climates salinity than coastal water in cooler more humid areas?
This is because less fresh water runs into the ocean in drier areas and because heat increases the evaporation rate.
