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Cache,Host Files, DNS server
A DNS is used to convert Host Names into IPs and IPs into host names. (DNS = Domain Name Server).
DNS (port 53)
DNS
Strictly speaking, Windows clients will use a DNS server to resolve host names to IP addresses. In a Windows environment, the DNS server is almost always a Domain Controller as well (Active Directory Integrated DNS). Windows also has another naming system called NETBIOS. Clients will use a WINS server to resolve NETBIOS names (do not confuse with host names) to IP addresses. Short answer: DNS
Host names can be resolved by either using the /etc/hosts file or by using DNS.
Forward lookup zones
A forwarder is a Domain Name System (DNS) server on a network used to forward DNS queries for external DNS names to DNS servers outside of that network. You can also forward queries according to specific domain names using conditional forwarders.A DNS server on a network is designated as a forwarder by having the other DNS servers in the network forward the queries they cannot resolve locally to that DNS server. By using a forwarder, you can manage name resolution for names outside of your network, such as names on the Internet, and improve the efficiency of name resolution for the computers in your network. For more information about forwarders and conditional forwarders
if the preferred dns server is blank then the system takes dns as the host server and try to resolve the entries from its own cache if it is able to do it then finew other wise it will show dns error on the IE page. same thing happens with the resources if its in the cache it will resolve the FQDN to IP othere wise will give error
Without the DNS server you would have to know the IP address of every computer you are communicating with. DNS exists to resolve the names of computers to IP addresses. It also aids in locating services on a network.
DNS
DNS stands for Domain naming system. it basicly translate ip address to host names and host names to ip address. If you use it on a local network it allows you to use your own naming conventions for your local subnet . Which helps to work easily in huge network need to remember only host names in network.