You don't and can't. Microcontrollers are integrated circuits and you buy them as you would any other component.
Not that easy... You would need to know how to build and program a microcontroller well. You also need hardware to program a microcontroller. look at related links
That depends on the specific microcontroller.
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The PIC is a specific architecture of microcontroller.
The voltage of the 8031 microcontroller is 2.7V to 5.5V.
The 8051 Microcontroller is a microcontroller ("chip") developed by Intel in 1980.
PIC Microcontroller which means Peripheral Interface Controller. PIC Microcontroller is originally developed by General Instrument's Microelectronics Division.
See the related link below. It is build by using 8051 microcontroller, you can also get the source code from there.
Segger Microcontroller Systems was created in 1991.
to determine the state condition of microcontroller's input when microcontroller is reading the input port
The difference is base on the requirement of their0 application.
Microcontroller = (microprocessor+memory+peripherals) on a single chip