PLF in case of wind energy will be calculated as follows:
1.In case of past period: The data such as actual power geerated in a year and the capacity of a particular wind mill will determine the PLF. For Ex. If the wind mill capacity id 1 MW (1000*24*365) which is the installed capacity and the other part actual number of units produced in that year. The ratio of actual out put to installed capacity id the PLF of the wind mill of that year.
2.Incase of estimation for project vibility study: Installed capacity is the same i.e. The original capacity of the particular wind mill. The expected out put will be calculated by considering the wind power density, air density, wind speed, wind direction,wind shear, wind speed frequency, etc will give us monthly average wind speed ( one can rely on the publised data) which gives us in each month how many hours the plantt will be generating power which forms forms base for calculating expected out put. So calculation is done.
loss in transmission need not be captured in PLF.
Other factors tha tmay influence the PLF is the Level of availability of grid,
Posted by Peddi Reddy (IDBI Bank) 7.23 PM, 07/07/2012
PLF of Hydal Plant - 100% or 101%
Diesel Engine has high load factor
load factor is the ratio of average load to max demand for a given period.High load factor meansless cost per KWHmore efficient use of power plant
If a load takes 50 kW at a power factor of 0.5 lagging calculate the apparent power and reactive power Answer: Apparent power = Active power / Power Factor In this case, Active power = 50 kW and power factor = 0.5 So Apparent power = 50/0.5 = 100 KVA
If you multiply kVA by Power Factor (Ranges from zero to one) you get watts which is effective power.
Load Factor
LOAD FACTOR = AVERAGE LOAD ÷ PEAK LOAD AVERAGE LOAD = KW-HRS (ENERGY) ÷ NO. OF OPERATING HOURS IF THE LOCAL PUBLIC ELECTRIC COMPANY CANNOT SUPPLY A CERTAIN PLANT DURING PEAK HOURS -- THE SOLUTION IS TO USE A SECONDARY PRIME POWER FROM THE ENDUSER TO MEET DEMAND LOAD. IF THE ARRANGEMENT IS 12 HRS. FOR NORMAL POWER AND 12 HRS. FOR GENSET -- THE LOAD FACTOR IS THE SAME IF THE AVERAGE LOAD IS CLEARLY DEFINED.
Power factor doesn't necessarily 'improve with the load', but it is determined by the load.
Power factor can be unity. If the load is purely resistive, then the load current and supply voltage are in phase, and the load will have unity power factor.
Ratio of Average load to Maximum demand for a given period (for a day, month or year) is termed as Load factor or Plant Load Factor (PLF). Load Factor = Avg. Load*24/Max Demand*24 ......... For a Day. This Load factor is very important in the sense of calculating the overall generation cost. It is always less than 1. Higher the LOAD FACTOR of a power station,lesser the overall per unit generation cost of the power station.
When you need to calculate the estimated load or load current during initial design phase or so, you need to assume a value for power factor which is realistic. 0.95 is a realistic value.
I assume that you are asking how to calculate the 'value' of a capacitor? Well, it depends what it is used for. If, for example, it is used to improve the power factor of a load, then it is first necessary to determine what the load's existing reactive power is; then, you need to know what reactive power is necessary with the power factor at its desired value; finally you need to difference between the actual and the desired values of reactive power -and this will be the necessary value for the capacitor. Power factor correction capacitors are rated in reactive volt amperes, not farads.