To be honest I'd start out with this title: Fundamental Analysis For Dummies
I use several Dummies titles myself and it's always a good way to find about a topic that is new to you. However, you'll have to dig deeper once you got the hang of the basics.
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Risk free rate of return or risk free return is calculated as the return on government securities of the same maturity.
no of policies renewed/no of potential renewal policies
The risk free rate of return is a rate an investor will expect with zero risk over a specified period of time. In order to calculate risk free rate you need to use CAPM model formula ra = rrf + Ba (rm-rrf), where rrf is risk free rate, Ba is beta of security and Rm is market return.
The market risk premium is measured by the market return less risk-free rate. You can calculate the market risk premium as market risk premium is equal to the expected return of the market minus the risk-free rate.
There is a calculator on the Internet at the site referenced below.
what criteria is used to assess risk before accepting to give insurance coverage?
The market rate of interest formula used to calculate the cost of borrowing money is: Market Rate of Interest Risk-Free Rate Risk Premium.
Risk premium = Company's risk (standard deviation of the historical stock returns of the market as a whole) - Risk-free rate of return (standard deviation of the historical treasury bonds' returns) - Inflation
To calculate the cost of net amount at risk (NAR), first determine the total exposure amount of the insurance policy or investment. Then, subtract any applicable reserves or reinsurance recoverables to find the net amount at risk. Finally, multiply the net amount at risk by the applicable rate or premium to determine the cost associated with that risk. This calculation helps assess the financial implications of potential losses.
The Sortino Ratio is the actual return minus the target return, all divided by the downside risk. The downside risk is either calculated by the semi standard deviation, or the 2nd order lower partial moment. The related link "Calculate the Sortino Ratio with Excel" provideds an Excel spreadsheet to calculate the Sortino Ratio
To calculate the premium for financial risk, you typically assess the potential loss associated with a particular investment or financial decision, taking into account factors such as market volatility, credit risk, and liquidity risk. This involves estimating the expected loss and incorporating the risk-free rate of return and a risk premium, which compensates for taking on additional risk. The premium can be calculated using models like the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) or through empirical data on historical returns relative to risk. Ultimately, the premium reflects the additional return required by investors to compensate for the inherent risks involved.