You should probably contact a CPA for this as this can be quite complicated and if you deduct things your not supposed to, you can get yourself into alot of trouble.
In short, royalties would be self-employment income. That means that you will need to pay the 15% FICA/Medicare charge plus your ordinary income tax rate. (Normally when you work for someone else you pay 7.5% fica/medicare and employer pays the other half).
You will need to file Schedule SE with your 1040 to determine your total self employment income. That is, your income minus your expenses related to employment.
It is Gross Pay.
Gross income
The amount of money earned before deductions are taken out of a paycheck
W-2
Deductions take many many forms and names. They depend on situations too and the type of income you have or how you earned it. Your question is entirely too broad to have any list or comprehensive answer. However, as a start: Try the IRS website. www. IRS.GOV and type in "DEDUCTIONS" in their search engine. You might want to be more specific about the deductions you are looking or, i.e. deductions for homeowners deductions for day care deductions for business deductions for travel deductions for investing deductions for medical etc, etc ....
Musicians make money off royalties primarily through the use of their recorded music, which can be played on various platforms such as radio, streaming services, and in movies or commercials. Each time a song is played or sold, the songwriter and performer earn a percentage of the revenue generated, which is collected and distributed by performing rights organizations. Additionally, mechanical royalties are earned from physical sales and digital downloads. Overall, royalties provide a continuous stream of income as long as the music remains in circulation.
Gross income is all monies earned and received before deductions. ( taxes, EI, Union Dues, etc ) After deductions it is considered Net income.
There are deductions available for children on your tax return, such as the Child Tax Credit, the Child and Dependent Care Credit, and the Earned Income Tax Credit. These deductions can help reduce the amount of tax you owe.
EI EARNED INCOME SOURCES. No age is required for this purpose. The required withholding amounts will begin to be withheld on the day that the EARNED INCOME begins to be EARNED.
Adjusted gross income is the total income you earn minus certain deductions, such as contributions to retirement accounts or student loan interest. Income earned from work is the money you make from your job before any deductions are taken out.
The total amount of money earned before payroll deductions is referred to as gross income or gross pay. This includes all earnings from wages, salaries, bonuses, and any other forms of compensation before taxes and other deductions are taken out. To determine this amount, you would typically sum up all sources of income for a specific pay period.
When itemizing, the two most common deductions are home morgage interest and property taxes. If you mean credits the two most common are the child tax credit and earned income credit. Both deductions and credits lower or go against your tax liability.