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Logos refers to the process of persuading a person or group using supportive evidence. A researcher must conduct experiments using the scientific method, and generate reliable and valid results
for the end results to be accurate and reliable
It is reliable for validity only when most of the cells are still valid (alive); therefore before the stationary phase (in the Log or Lag phase it would be viable).
This is the SI (International System of Units); the system is valid in the majority of countries excepting USA, UK and ancient UK colonies.
Reliable - . i remember this by using the 4 A's rule: search for accuracy, average and do the experiment again, discard AnomaliesValidity - i remember this with the 3 C's rule: Cross-check ( compare with internet experiments or a classmate) calibration of equipment( starting the timer at 0.00), and the control variable( what you keep the same)hope this helped :)
A test can be reliable and not valid. A test cannot be valid and not reliable.
In my view reliable test is always valid.
Is it possible for an operational definition to be valid but not reliable
No, for a test to be valid, it must also be reliable. Reliability refers to the consistency of the test results, while validity refers to the accuracy of the test in measuring what it is supposed to measure. A test cannot be valid if it is not reliable.
We can use wiki how, google, libraries, books, journals, magazines, etc to conduct a literature review.
A test may be reliable yet not valid, The results can end up being reliable, in other words certain to have yielded properly based on input. But the results may not be trustworthy.
Sampling techniques can provide statistically reliable and valid survey results except haphazard sampling.
Social and Medical sciences uses these statistical concepts. ideally, we have to measure the same way each time, but intrasubject, interobserver and intraobserver variance occur, so we have to anticipate and evaluate them. In short, it is the repeatability of a measurement, by you, myself and everybody person or instrument. Validity is how much the mean measure that we got is near of the true answer or value. So, an instrument can be reliable but not valid, valid but not reliable, both valid and reliable, nor valid neither reliable. I suggest that you imagine a target: you can aim and 1) always get the center (both valid and reliable) 2) always get the same distant point (reliable but not valid) 3) err much around the true center (valid but not reliable - the mean and median of your arrow's shot will get the center) 4) err much around the another center, false one (nor valid neither reliable) I did not understood exactly what selection criteria have to do with the rest of question, so, left in blank ;-)
to conduct secret research
You first have to come up with a hypothesis. Review the relevant work already completed out there. Design an experiment around to test your hypothesis. Conduct the experiment and analyze the results. Write a summary report. Using the data from the experiment to evaluate the hypothesis in order to draw a valid conclusions.
peer review makes the result more reliable
Logos refers to the process of persuading a person or group using supportive evidence. A researcher must conduct experiments using the scientific method, and generate reliable and valid results