You cannot. C++ and shell script (which shell, by the way? there are more than one) are entirely different languages.
gcc is the most common C-compiler for GNU/Linux platform.
A C compiler.
Codeblocks has a Linux version compiler. There's a link to it under the related links.
Yes.
The advantages of using a Linux dedicated server are access to more scripting languages and Linux is an open-source free software (costs less to make a Linux server).
GCC is the GNU Compiler Collection (Originally GNU C Compiler) See the related link. It is a collection of "compiler software", that is used to convert human readable source code into binary programs the computer can actually understand and run. it supports several programming languages like C, C++, Java, FORTRAN, etc.
The GNU C Compiler (GCC).
The c99 command is a wrapper program that actually calls 'cc'. This is the standard c compiler for Linux. Since other Unix based systems use a c99 command to call the compiler with the 1999 standards there is a similar command to do the same thing under Linux.
Linux generally comes installed with the free gcc compiler. MacOSX does too. But when you compile a program with gcc, it runs on the platform under which it was compiled. Therefore, programmers on OSX that need to deliver a Linux binary need to use gcc's cross-compiler mode to produce Linux binaries.
Linux is a kernel; Tcl is a scripting language. They are not mutually exclusive, and one does not obviate or replace the other.
You don't. The compiler is used to compile programs, not edit them. Most source code can be edited using a standard text editor.
Sure, if the compiler is written for Windows32 or Windows64. You cannot run compilers written for other platforms (MsDos, Windows16, linux, etc).