There is a convenient rule called the "right hand grip rule":
If you grip your right hand around the electric conductor with your thumb pointing in the direction the current is flowing, the magnetic field rotates in the direction your remaining fingers are pointing.
See related Wikipedia link for an illustration.
perpendicular to the magnetic field direction
A generator produces electricity by moving wires through a magnetic field. The direction of the induced current is dependent upon the direction in which the wire crosses the magnetic field. In a generator the magnetic field is usually fixed - and the wires are spinning through it. So: Visualize a horizontal magnetic field. The axis of rotation of the wires is perpendicular to the field. Any given wire will be cutting up through the field at a given point... then, 180º later will be cutting down through the same field. The direction of the induced current will reverse with each half-rotation because the wire will be moving in the opposite direction relative to the magnetic field. (In the USA the generators produce "60 cycle" current. That tells you that the generators are turning their wires (coils) at 60 revolutions per second.) Richard yeaa buddie...Lickety splyt
The polarity of the magnetic field of a wire reverses when you change the direction of the current in the wire.
The conducting wire wrapped around the compass is energized creating a magnetic field that counteracts the effects of the Earth's magnetic field and changes the direction of the compass needle.
TEM TE modes (Transverse Electric) have no electric field in the direction of propagation. * TM modes (Transverse Magnetic) have no magnetic field in the direction of propagation. * TEM modes (Transverse ElectroMagnetic) have no electric nor magnetic field in the direction of propagation. * Hybrid modes are those which have both electric and magnetic field components in the direction of propagation
the field is left energized in order that the motor behave like a generator producing an magnetic field in the opposed direction of rotation
No. Earth's magnetic field does not affect its axis of rotation.
No. A galaxy does not have a magnetic field. The "spin" of a galaxy is rather the orbits of it's stars about the center of the galaxy. Most planets that we know of don't have magnetic fields either. Earth does, but we know from archaeological evidence that the Earth's magnetic field has often changed, flipping over every few million years or so. Fear not! Such a drastic change in the magnetic field does not appear to have any effect on the rotation of the Earth. Rather, the direction of rotation of a planet has to do with its early history, including the direction of rotation of the solar system as a whole in its early days, and whether or not it has experienced any particularly massive collisions in its lifetime.
perpendicular to the magnetic field direction
You can reverse the direction of the magnetic field by reversing the direction of the electrical current.
A generator produces electricity by moving wires through a magnetic field. The direction of the induced current is dependent upon the direction in which the wire crosses the magnetic field. In a generator the magnetic field is usually fixed - and the wires are spinning through it. So: Visualize a horizontal magnetic field. The axis of rotation of the wires is perpendicular to the field. Any given wire will be cutting up through the field at a given point... then, 180º later will be cutting down through the same field. The direction of the induced current will reverse with each half-rotation because the wire will be moving in the opposite direction relative to the magnetic field. (In the USA the generators produce "60 cycle" current. That tells you that the generators are turning their wires (coils) at 60 revolutions per second.) Richard yeaa buddie...Lickety splyt
The magnetic field collapses to zero, then builds up again for the current in the opposite direction.
No. It has. Since transverse electric mode has it's wave propagating in the Z direction, and has magnetic field existing in the same direction with NO electric field... Likewise, transverse magnetic mode has it's wave propagating in the Z direction and has electric field existing in the same direction with NO magnetic field.
The direction of magnetic field lines are from north to south
It is a way of representing the magnetic force at a point in the field. The magnitude and direction of the vector represents the strength and the direction of the magnetic force acting on a charged particle in the field.
The direction of a magnetic field is defined by the direction in which a compass needle will point when placed within that field -that is, from north to south.
A magnetic field is neither: it is a vector field with both direction and quantity.