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The three criteria for causality are temporal precedence, covariation of cause and effect, and elimination of alternative explanations. Temporal precedence establishes that the cause must precede the effect in time, covariation shows that changes in the cause are consistently followed by changes in the effect, and alternative explanations must be eliminated to establish a causal relationship. All three criteria are needed to ensure that the observed relationship between variables is indeed causal and not due to other factors.
Yes. There are several sequels to Causality.
The Guardian - 2001 Causality 1-12 was released on: USA: 8 January 2002 Germany: 23 August 2005 Belgium: 2012
It is the empirical theory of Causality as propounded by hume.
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Examples of false causality are the claims that chance, mutations or survival can drive upward evolution.
Causality - 2012 was released on: USA: 12 March 2012 (Hero Film Initiative)
morality
covariation, uniqueness and temporal order
Circular causality refers to a series of events where each one is caused by the one before it, and the first one is caused by the last.
1. The variables must be corelated. 2. The cause must come before the effect 3. Variables are nonspurious