Most modern data centres have a 2 stage detection system and some form of fire suppression system.
Stage one detection is very sensitive. These very early detection systems can detect tiny amounts of smoke in the air and give an alarm before a fire can really get started.
These alarms enable a data centre to cut power (electrical faults being the most likely cause of a fire in a data centre) to prevent the fire getting worse.
If the fire is not electrical or power is not turned off then the second stage detection system will pick up the smoke. These detectors are less sensitive and are more like your home smoke detectors. Once these detectors activate an alarm sounds and after a period of time (usually about 30 seconds) the fire suppression system is activated.
There are a number of solutions available on the market for fire suppression within a data centre. The most common are based on an inert gas HFC-227ea. The gas reduces the oxygen level and extinguishes the flames.
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Water should never be used to fight an electrical fire. It could potentially cause an explosion or cause you to become electrocuted.
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Use either a dry powder extinguisher or CO2. NEVER use water !
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There is a center fire and a rim fire.
Primarily because using water to fight a fire will invariably short out the electrical (AC) power. Also, if the fire was started by an electrical problem, it could cause other fires to break out, or endanger the firemen. To prevent injuries from broken outlets and conduits, shutting off the power is one of the first things the fire department will do.
An electrical fire is a class "C" fire. A Class "C" fire is actually a class "A" or "B" fire that is caused by electrical current.
fight fire with fire
The term "fight fire with fire" came from Metallica's 1984 album, Ride the Lightning's song "Fight Fire with Fire". The meaning is to respond to the attack with the same method.
The device that protects the home from the start of an electrical fire is an electrical breaker or in some older homes a fuse system.