Just look around. They randomly generate, so there is no definite location.
You can't.
you can get it from npc villages. here is a seed for a npc village: FINAL
An NPC village really has no useful purpose. It is mainly for looks and so you can interact in fun ways with the NPCs, such as using them to trigger and/or test traps.
Every map has them, as they are randomly generated.
You don't make it. You find an npc (non-player character) village and give the priest a diamond and he will give you a bottle o chanting.
You build your own house and you can find NPC villages in the world
No.
No.
There will always be a blacksmith but he will not normally hang around the blacksmith house. Look around for a villager with a black apron, that is a blacksmith.
Carrots spawn in NPC Villages that have Generated after the Carrots were added to the game. If you made a world before Carrots were added you may have to explore newly generated areas or simply make a new world and find an NPC village that way. Potatoes are found the same way :3
You can't, you have to find one.
You can't, you have to find one.