mention the salts causing temporary and permaneat hardness
Dilute 10.00 cm3 of water sample to 200cm3 in a beaker. Add Methyl Red indicator.
Step 2
Boil the solution and add very slowly a warm solution of ammonium oxalate.
Step 3
Add the resultant hot solution dilute (1:1) ammonia solution drop wise and with stirring until the mixture is neutral or slightly alkaline.
Step 4
Allow the solution to stand without further heating for at least 1/2 hours.
Step 5
Filter through an ordinary filter paper.
Step 6
Wash the precipitate with cold 0.1 - 0.2 % ammonium oxalate solution at least five times.
Step 7
Wash the precipitate with distilled water.
Step 8
Transfer the precipitate into a beaker using sulphuric acid and distilled water.
Step 9
Heat the solution and titrate with 0.02 mol dm-3 KMnO4.
Indicator colour change: Colourless to pale pink.
CalculationsFrom the average burette reading, the amount of oxalate ions can be found. It is equal to the Calcium(II) ions in the titration flask. It is same as in the 10.00 ml water sample. As we can calculate the mass of the Calcium (II) ions in a known volume of water, the calcium level could be calculated for the particular water source.You must keep a sufficient amount of sample to repeat analyzes if necessary and also to have a control (archive) sample.
the water concentration or water content. It refers to the amount of water present in relation to the total volume or mass of the liquid sample. This can be measured using various methods, such as through direct measurement or using techniques like titration or spectrophotometry.
Use a sample of pyrogallol (C6H6O6) in the sample followed by a combustion reaction. This compound absorbs oxygen present.
wrt
To find the unknown concentration of a sample by using a reagent with a known concentration. ( IE; molarity )
Two methods:- comparison with other materials with known hardness- using a special instrument to measure hardness
A rock's hardness is its resistance to scratching or abrasion. This is commonly measured using the MOH's scale of hardness.
it all depends what you are using them for
The Brinell hardness tester was invented to measure the hardness of materials using an indentation. Applied force is measured against the force, diameter of indentation and indenter.
Geologist perform a hardness test using their fingernail, a penny, and a paper clip.
The variance decreases with a larger sample so that the sample mean is likely to be closer to the population mean.
The scale is not linear, and isn't too precise when measuring the hardness of certain industrial materials.
The hardness of a rock is identified using Mohs Scale of Hardness. Certain rocks and minerals have a predetermined hardness level based on this scale, which uses the obvious logic that if something scratches something else, then it must be harder than that which it scratches. Likewise, if something doesn't scratch something else, it must be softer than that which it cannot scratch. Using a scale from 1 to 10, common objects can be used to determine hardness level. A fingernail, for example, has a hardness of 2.5. Any rock that can be scratched by a fingernail (talc, for example) has a hardness less than 2.5. A streak plate, which is commonly used for hardness tests, has a hardness of 6.5. Diamonds, the hardest minerals, define the 10 on the hardness scale. Using these common objects and their related hardnesses, one can easily identify the rock in question.
Relative hardness is the property of minerals that uses the Mohs scale for classification.
This sentence is a SAMPLE sentence.The boy wanted a sample of the food.The woman wanted a sample of the perfume.The man wanted a sample of the wine.
Given when the question was asked, the answer is "today."
They are only given out at Nintendo events.