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Assuming this is a critical measurement needed to verify timing marks, remove the spark plug that is located over engine cylinder number 1. There are two basic steps to follow. First, to manually rotate the engine crankshaft to identify the compression stroke for the number 1 piston. Second, to find Top Dead Center (TDC) using both a straw and a Dial Indicator.
To Identify the Compression Stroke - Install a compression gauge in the threaded spark plug hole. If a compression gauge is not available, then place your thumb tightly over the hole. Manually rotate the engine crankshaft in the "run" direction. Pressure will build inside the cylinder when both the intake and exhaust valves are closed and as the piston rises toward the head. This is the compression stroke. Stop rotating the engine. Remove the compression gauge.
To Find Top Dead Center - Before using a Dial Indicator in the next step, place a long plastic straw or similar item into the spark plug hole. While the straw rests on top of the piston, rotate the engine and observe the vertical movement of the straw. It will rise toward a maximum height. Any further rotation will lower the straw. Slightly backup the rotation to bring the straw to a point where it is approximately 1/2 inch lower than its maximum height. Now position a Dial Indicator over the spark plug hole. It may be necessary to extend the length of the Dial Indicator plunger so that its tip will touch the top of the piston (as did the straw). Slowly rotate the crankshaft while watching the indication on the Dial indicator. Top Dead Center is indicated by a maximum reading on the Dial Indicator.
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