The same way that you fit every other bike pedal. Just remember that the left side pedal has a reverse threadand has to be turned clockwise to loosen. Oh, and the old ones are usually stuck pretty good.
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First off pedals are side-specific, one will only go on the right side and one will only go on the left side. Pedals are often stamped with a R and a L to tell you which side of the bike it's supposed to fit on. The left side pedal has a reverse thread and will only go in if turned counter-clockwise. Apart from that there are two resonably common standards, 9/16" and 1/2" - and the wrong one won't fit.
It will if you have bmx (or bmx style) cranks.
A crank (or a crankset) is the thing that sits in the middle of the bicycle, has the chain on it and have the pedals attached to it.
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It is not recommended, your feet can slip off the pedals and you can get hurt.
BB usually stands for Bottom Bracket, the part which holds the cranks/pedals to the bike
The only thing on a BMX regularly called a spindle would be the crank axle. Although I suppose one could use spindle for the pedals and the wheel axles as well.
No, there are several different diameters to choose from.
Yes, all handlebars have the same diameter out by the grips.
The main parts are: frame fork wheels (handle)bars saddle seat post cranks pedals
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