In the simplest case, you divide the distance travelled (directed distance, if you want a velocity as opposed to a speed) by the time it takes.
For the instantaneous value of average velocity, average speed and average velocity are equal.
Velocity is speed and its direction. Average velocity is average speed and its direction.
Yes, since velocity is speed and direction its average can be zero. For example say a plane flies from point A to point B at 300 mph and turns around to go from B to A at 300 mph; its average velocity is 0 since it is in the same spot as it started ( the velocity vectors cancel) but its average speed is 300 mph.
Always.
Assuming that you have high frequency velocity measurements it's relatively simple. It is simply the ratio of u' to U - meaning the average fluctuating component of the velocity divided by the mean velocity. I = u'/U :)
velocity is a vector and speed is scalar. Velocity has magnitude and directions, with magnitude being speed. The magnitude of average velocity and average speed is the same.
Let's take a simple example to illustrate the concept. A pitch is thrown by a pitcher. It starts at zero velocity (in his hand) and reaches a final velocity of 100 mph. Average velocity will be (100 + 0)/2 = 50 mph Obviously the maximum velocity is 50 X 2 = 100 mph However this is only true if the initial velocity (or the final velocity for a ball slowing down) is zero.
The speed of something in a given direction.
Average velocity can be calculated by dividing the displacement (change in position) by the time interval. The formula for average velocity is average velocity = (final position - initial position) / time interval.
The average velocity over an time interval is the average of the instantaneous velocities for all instants over that period. Conversely, as the time interval is reduced, the average velocity comes closer and closer to the instantaneous velocity.
Average Velocity is displacement over total time.
The instantaneous velocity is the limit of the average velocity, as the time interval tends to zero. If you are not familiar with limits, basically you make the time interval very small and calculate the average velocity.