file for custody in state of childs residence
see links
Depending on the state, yes. Arrange a custody agreement first.
With his permission you can.
see links
That depends on the Judge, the law of the state where they are, and the specific of the custody request.
Depends on the circumstances. Someone should already have custody. If the father has custody and threw his son out. He the father could be held criminally and civily liable depending on the state. Most state have criminal laws against this type of action. Also, why he threw his son out is an important factor. However, if an exsisting custody order is in place, you would have to petition the court for a change of custody. If there is no custody order then apply for one. You may or may not need an attorney depending on the state and complications of the case.
If the son wants to I believe he can. In my state (Georgia) the child can choose who he/she wants to live with at the age of 14.
That depends on the state.
No
not if you are the biological parent
Yes if the father has joint custody he may leave the state with the child for a short period for purposes of a vacation.
You may apply to court for another custody order.........