Try the slingshot but I'm not sure if it will work.
use your arrows to shoot him in the middle of his body
the first bridge goes to kakariko gorge but the second one that you find in the desert goes to the place were you first defeated king bulbin(bridge of eldin) Put it in the butt.
you cant, unfortunately *SPOILERS* only Zelda uses it it hurt Ganondorf in the second to last battle. *END SPOILERS*
the gorons mines
If by "second Twilight Princess" you mean Skyward Sword, no, it has not, or I would have already bought it. Also, Skyward Sword (in the chronological timeline order) occurs before Ocarina of Time and therefore before Twilight Princess as well, meaning that it is not a sequel, but a prequel.
When you beat the mid-boss, from the city in the sky.
You get it in the sky temple when you beat the mini boss.
You get in the goron mines{the second temple in the legend of zelda twilight princess}after defeating the mini boss.
the first one is in the water temple and the second one is in the city in the sky
You find it in the water temple. Witch is the 3rd temple. but then later you get a second clawshot in the sky temple
No, there are no cheat codes in the game.
If you are talking about the Bottles, you should be able to buy it from the guy who gave you your lantern in Faron Woods.