if you want you can ruin your new range but you should change the wall receptical idiot
A new outlet (running new wire) or replacing an old one (wires already there)? Shut off the Power to that Receptical, diconnect the receptical, and reconnect the New receptical using the Wires from the one you replaced. Then turn the power back on and Test it with a Tester!
Yes.
In the U.S. you should be using 110-115V.
Yes, the feeder will have to be a three wire cable.
no
Does this air conditioner require 220 volts?
There could be two reasons. One is that the receptical is old and well used and the connected load is close to 1500 watts. Second is that the wires have become loose on the terminal screws and are arcing. In either case get the receptical replaced right away.
There is likely an internal short circuit in the fan motor.
If you live in an area that uses 115V as the mains supply, then it's absolutely fine. Equipment sold in the area will be designed to operate on that voltage and there is no difference in performance between 115V equipment and 230V equipment.
It is called the 'pollen basket' or corbicula.
$25.00 per receptical is what I charge if the wall is open