How do we know? Because we can observe it happening.
Yes, dying stars can become very bright. As they run out of nuclear fuel, some stars expand into red giants or supergiants, which can increase their brightness. Additionally, some dying stars, like supernovae, can produce intense bursts of light as they explode.
Some stars explode as supernovae when they run out of the hydrogen which they depend on to stay hot. Another way is due to binaries - when a particularly large star, e.g. a red giant, attracts a smaller star due to gravitational pull, and they orbit each other. The star cannot bear the heat and explodes in a massive amount of heat and light - that is how novae happen. A supernova has a much larger effect than a mere nova, and they happen when the star collapses due to reduction of fuel before the spontaneous explosion, and thus causing it to be much larger and brighter.
No, stars have a life cycle. They form, go through various stages depending on size, and eventually cease to exist. Some may explode in supernovae, while others may become white dwarfs or black holes. Ultimately, all stars will eventually burn out and die.
Some stars explode in a supernova.
Some stars do. They can be nova or supernova stars, depending on the scale of the explosion.
Li (Lithium) is primarily formed in the Big Bang, with some additional amounts formed in supernovae explosions. Fe (Iron) is mainly produced in the core of massive stars through nuclear fusion reactions, and then released into space when these stars explode as supernovae. Both elements play crucial roles in the formation of planets and stars in the universe.
A supernova can be massive but some aren't. Every supernova is a dieing star. Supernovae are exploding stars. They represent the very final stages of evolution for some stars. Supernovae, as celestial events, are huge releases of tremendous energy, as the star ceases to exist, with about 1020 times as much energy produced in the supernova explosion as our Sun releases every second.
Yes. With modest instruments, we can discover comets. Scanning the night sky with modest-sized telescopes might reveal a previously unknown asteroid. Supernovae might appear in some bright galaxies, or some of the red giant stars could explode as supernovae anytime soon. Prof. Christopher Go of Cebu City discovered the reddening of a storm system in Jupiter which soon was dubbed Red Spot Junior. We can contribute to the discovery of extrasolar planets. We can constantly monitor the planets and detect changes in their atmospheric systems.
I know that they bright up in the sky and some of the stars are brighter than the sun.
Stars are massive celestial bodies that emit light and heat through nuclear reactions in their core. They are crucial for creating and dispersing elements essential for life and play a key role in maintaining the structure of galaxies. Stars come in various sizes, colors, and ages, with some eventually evolving into supernovae or black holes.
In a way , they don't actually leave, but some transform into base elements , or gasses, when their fuel burns away, and they explode or just burn out.
People in ancient times often associated the appearance of supernovae with various beliefs, omens, or religious significance. Some cultures saw them as signs of impending doom or the death of a king, while others interpreted them as new stars being born. They were sometimes recorded in historical texts and were occasionally perceived as celestial events of great importance.