By observation, and deduction. If, for example, an object's speed increases, you can conclude that its kinetic energy increases. The energy, of course, must come from somewhere, so there is some sort of energy transformation. If a car maintains a constant speed despite friction, you can conclude that the energy lost to friction must be compensated - in this case, by the engine. Etc.
The burning of a fuel transforms chemical energy into heat and light energy.
it transforms it to and energy called El Nino
In nuclear fusion mass transforms into energy.
the cytoplasm
A generator transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy.
The mitochondria is the organelle that transforms chemical energy (in the form of glucose) into ATP, which is the cell's main energy currency.
Alternator
A loudspeaker
electrical energy transforms into machenical energy.
Chemical energy transforms to thermal energy when baking a cake.
Chemical energy
Solar panels