Modern bullets can be loaded by a hobbyist at home with the rights materials and equipment.
The general process is this:
Starting with the brass casing, insert a new primer into the primer hole at the base of the shell. Weigh out the exact amount of powder using a specialized scale that weighs in grains (one seven thousandth of a pound). Insert the powder. Tamp the powder down with a press. Some bullets require a separator between the powder and bullet such as wax or cloth. Finally the bullet is pressed into place.
Obviously this process is very general and should not be attempted without the right tools and materials, with precise instructions.
No idea what so ever.
Just the bullets, or the complete cartridge? You'd be looking at anywhere from $25 - $75 for a box of 50, depending on the load and manufacturer.
Nope. It just won't fire :)
You can hand load, just no lead unjacketed bullets.
The Clip that holds the bullets inside and automatic or any clip that holds bullets ready to load. http://www.minutemanreview.com/2008/09/clip-vs-magazine-lesson-in-firearm.html
Put it in your load bearing vest and take it when bullets aren't flying over your head.
It is called a tubular magazine. the action
Common sources include the loading manuals from Speer, Lyman, Hornaday Loading manuals for companies like Speer and Hornady are only going to give you load data for THEIR bullets--not Remington bullets. I haven't checked Lyman yet but the load data published by powder manufacturers are typically going to list loads using bullets manufactured by the major bullet companies. I am looking for a source that publishes loads using Remington bullets myself. No, you can't simply substitute a load using a bullet of the same weight as the Remington bullet you want to use. Bullet composition and design impacts CUP's.
Depending on the weight, possibly, but in most cases, accuracy may not be good.
Load them in the clip, pull slide back, put clip in. Or just read the instructions! XD
Some .40 caliber bullets are supersonic and some are not; it depends on the load. Generally lighter bullets (155 grain or less) will be supersonic, and heavier bullets (165 grain or more) will be subsonic, although there are a couple 165 grain bullets out there with advertised velocities about equal to the speed of sound. No matter what bullet you purchase, if you feel like subsonic/supersonic is a difference-maker to you, then check the manufacturer's specifications on the ammunition you're purchasing.
The Varget brand is owned by Hodgdon. If you go to their website, hodgdon.com, they have load data available for .223, Varget, 69 grain bullets. I would STRONGLY caution you about internet load data from individuals. Unless the load data can be referenced back to a company source, you are relying on "the kindness of strangers". This is not always a good thing to do, and can be dangerous. Shoot often, shoot safe.