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There are a lot of different plastics. Many of them require different catalysts to form.

One that's fairly easy to understand is PET polyester. You make it by mixing terephthalic acid (Sigma Aldrich sells small quantities of it, which is good because industrial users usually buy this in train car loads) with ethylene glycol (once again, Sigma Aldrich), heat it to about 220 degrees C under 3 to 5 bar pressure, and you will get polyester and the water the reaction liberates.

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