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it is hardware not software
A lamp can be run by power from a telephone line.
48 VOLTS
A negative live voltage is used to prevent electroytic corrosion on the copper wires.
it has 52volt dc off hook
Line regulation is a measure of the ability of the power supply to maintain its output voltage given changes in the input line voltage. Line regulation is expressed as percent of change in the output voltage relative to the change in the input line voltage.
just a digital voltage meter measure at the origin, and then at the end of line
It depends how they are connected. If they are connected between line conductors then they are measuring line voltages. If they are connected across phases then they are measuring phase voltages.
First connect the positive terminal of the voltage line to positive terminal of multimeter and negative to negative terminal of multimeter. Select voltage in multimeter and measure the voltage
If one already has a telephone service, they will not need any additional phone lines installed in their home. DSL connections use the same type of cables as telephones do, so they can share the same line. A home without telephone service will need to have a standalone DSL line installed which is identical to a phone line.
Since the ringer voltage across the twisted pair is 120 VAC RMS the telephone can definitely handle that. Given the fact that the telephone is also supposed to survive induced surges from nearby lightning strikes to the line the telephone should be able to handle over 1000 V common mode impulses (but I don't know the exact limit). No telephone is expected to survive a direct lightning strike to the line (which could be millions of volts). Note: common mode means the voltage is applied between the twisted pair lines (both at about the same voltage) and ground. If the survivable common mode voltage were to be applied across the twisted pair instead it would severely damage the telephone.
I will try and make this as simplified as possible. The secondary side of transfomers are connected in star - which means there is a neutral / earth connection. If you measure between a LINE to LINE ('line voltage') voltage you will measure 400V, but now we have introduced the neutral / earth and we measure between LINE to NEUTRAL ('phase voltage) 's LINE to EARTH we will get 230 V. The reason for this is that, because the phase voltages are displaced, in time, by 120 electrical degrees, you must add them vectorially to obtain the line voltage. And the vectorial sum of two 230-V phase voltages, displaced by 120 degrees, is 400 V -or 1.732 times either of the phase voltages.