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Assuming you mean the reflected voltage in a transmission line (such as coaxial cable) where the cable, source and load must all have the same impedance for maximum power transfer to the load. If the impedances are not matched, some power is reflected from the load back to the source.

In simple cases, this wastes power, in serious cases the source (a radio/radar transmitter) will suffer serious damage or just plain blow up (!)

You need either a reflectometer or a standing-wave ratio meter (SWR meter).

The SWR meter is simplest. You just connect it "in line" between the source and load.

You switch the meter to measure the forward (to the load) voltage, then switch to measure the reverse (from the load) voltage.

An ideal SWR reading is 1:1, showing perfect matching.

This doesn't mean the two voltages (forward and reverse) are equal (that would imply the power is all being returned!).

A 1:1 ratio shows that there are no peaks or nodes(collisions between forward and reverse voltages) and that the voltage distribution along the line is "flat". This shows perfect matching.

For a more complete description, check out any of the Amateur Radio websites online - hams spend a lot of time getting transmitters, feedlines and antennas matched up.

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16y ago

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