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There are numerous ways to determine gyro error while pierside. At a minium all methods below require accurate charts and a device for taking a line of position (i.e. bearing circle or sextant).

Here are the methods I know of:

Celestial fixes (i.e. Amplitude of the Sun or Azimuth of the Sun (or Polaris))

This method is complicated and time consuming. It requires knowledge of how to take celestial fixes as well as the Almanacs (or computer programs) to complete it.

Process:

Shoot a bearing to the celestial body.

Enter time and location (Latitude and Longitude) of fix into reduction tables (in Almanac). This provides the what the body should bear.

Subtract the bearing from Almanac from the visual bearing. Negative bearing error is to the East. Positive Error is to the West. Hopefully your error is less than 1 degree.

Pierside [visual] Fix / "Trial and Error"Method

This method is very time consuming but is simple enough for anyone with basic visual navigation skills to complete.

Process:

Shoot three (or more) lines of position (LOP).

Plot on chart. If you end up with a pinpoint fix then assume you have no gyro error. However, in the more likely case that the fix is not exact (looks like a triangle), estimate equal amounts of error for each LOP.

Repeat this method adding in error until you achieve a pinpoint fix. When pinpoint is achieved, whatever estimated error was used is the actual error.

Distant Object Method / Radian Rule Method

(I'll finish this response tomorrow)

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Q: How do you obtain gyro error with the ship at wharf?
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