Add acid.
The substance with the highest pH is liquid ammonia, which has a pH of about 11.6.
To determine the pH of a substance using the pH method, you will need a pH meter or pH strips. For a pH meter, simply immerse the electrode into the substance and wait for the reading to stabilize. For pH strips, dip the strip into the substance and compare the color change to the provided chart to determine the pH value.
The pH is the negative log of the concentration of hydronium ions. (pH=-log [H3O+]) If the pH is high, the substance is basic. If it is low the substance is acidic. When the pH is exactly 7 the substance is neutral.
A substance with a pH of 7 is not acidic nor is it basic. It is a neutral substance.
As with any other substance, you reduce the pH of cat's food by adding acids -- vinegar or cranberry extract are commonly used for that purpose. The purpose of lowering the pH of a cat's food is commonly done to increase the acidity of the cat's urine, to help dissolve and prevent formation of crystals in the urine.
The pH is determined with a pH-meter.
The reason for a pH scale it to tell how basic or acidic a substance, or substance byproduct is.
A low pH indicates that a substance is acidic.
The lowest pH level that can be measured in a substance is 0.
If a substance has a PH of 11 then the substance is basic.
It would take more drops of antacid to neutralize a substance with a pH of 13 compared to a substance with a pH of 11. This is because a substance with a pH of 13 is more basic and therefore requires more acidity to neutralize it.
If the substance is in liquid form, the pH may be determined by litmus paper.