On a home electrical panel board the wiring numbers go from left to right, top to bottom. There are 2 hot legs coming into the panel. L1 and L2. Breakers on L1 are 1,2,5,6,9,10. Breakers on L2 are 3,4,7,8,11,12. This is a 12 circuit board. This configuration allows every two adjacent breakers to connect to 240 volts. Example 1 and 3, 3 and 5, 5 and 7, 7 and 9, 9 and 11. Same with the even number side. So you see that a two pole breaker connects across the two hot legs L1 and L2 no matter where it is on the panel board. Any of these breakers on a panel board to the neutral will give you 120 volts no matter if the supply leg is L1 or L2. Just remember L1 to Neutral equals 120 volts, L2 to Neutral equals 120 volts, L1 to L2 equals 240 volts. The amperage of a breaker is a limit of the amount of amperage it will allow to pass through its circuit before it will trip. The wire has to be correctly sized for the breaker. Under sized wire will heat up if more current is applied to it that its rating will allow.
Please expand your question. What is it you're trying to do?
Disregard the neutral
yes, 31watt divide 240v equals to 0.13amps.
NO
yes
With a transformer.
If the 240V 3-phase service is 240V phase-to-phase, then you can get 240V single-phase by simply picking two phases (poles, as used in the question) and connecting the load across them. This is simply one third of a standard delta connection. If you need 120V/240V split phase, i.e. with a neutral, as used in residential services, you will need a transformer. If the service is actually a four wire "quadraplex" service, however, you will probably already have that 120V/240V with neutral connection phase available. In this case, you will need to pick the two phases correctly in order to get the proper 120V service half.
120v is the standard for all of North America, whereas 240v is standard for the rest of the world.
No, you cannot.
Same as in Australia, 240V.
No.
240V
Yes it will operate it fine.